Copper Sources:
The availability of copper in most of the ingredients used in animal feed is between 1% and 15%. The cereals are lower in copper than forages. Most forages contain copper levels with values \u200b\u200bequal to or exceeding the requirements for ruminants recommended by the NCR. However, mature plants and by increasing the content of phytase and lignin the availability of copper decreases rapidly.
copper oxide and copper sulfate have been the two predominant sources of copper to supplement the use in food animals. In the last ten years there have been considerable research on the comparative availability of copper in these and other sources of copper and in various animal species. Copper oxide has been shown to have very low bioavailability and only leads in the levels of animals without copper supplementation after they spend 90 days on the diet deficient in copper. The interpretation of these data shows that the availability of copper oxide is much lower than that of copper sulphate supplementation when levels are close to the requirements recommended by the NCR, for this reason, several recent studies have demonstrated the superiority of copper sulfate copper oxide due to differences in their availability.
copper Functions:
Needs:
Overall Copper deficiency in animals may simply be because that is not obtained in sufficient quantities in the diet that is assigned to the animal, can also be caused by low availability of this, limiting its absorption causing failure. Another aspect that could limit the presence of copper is the absence of some elements or substances which promote absorption and also the presence of some elements that limit its absorption, ie, elements that are antagonists cause a copper deficiency.
Like many of the symptoms of copper deficiency have the same general signs. You need a clear diagnostic tool that accurately reflects the state of copper in the animal. Although often are measured copper concentrations in serum and plasma, blood levels may not show impairment until it reaches a severe development of symptoms.
The concentration of copper in the liver is probably the most sensitive indicator of changes in copper status and its determination is recommended when the liver can be obtained to do a biopsy. The activity concentrations of ceruloplasmin and superoxide dismutase in the blood or red blood cells may be useful indicators of copper status.
Deficiencies of copper in the body are attributed to the following elements:
• Excess sulfur (> 0.4%)
• iron overload (> 300 ppm)
• Zinc Excess (> 70 ppm)
• selenium deficiency • Protein
: deficiency and excess
The main symptoms that occur when there is a deficiency may include:
The availability of copper in most of the ingredients used in animal feed is between 1% and 15%. The cereals are lower in copper than forages. Most forages contain copper levels with values \u200b\u200bequal to or exceeding the requirements for ruminants recommended by the NCR. However, mature plants and by increasing the content of phytase and lignin the availability of copper decreases rapidly.
copper oxide and copper sulfate have been the two predominant sources of copper to supplement the use in food animals. In the last ten years there have been considerable research on the comparative availability of copper in these and other sources of copper and in various animal species. Copper oxide has been shown to have very low bioavailability and only leads in the levels of animals without copper supplementation after they spend 90 days on the diet deficient in copper. The interpretation of these data shows that the availability of copper oxide is much lower than that of copper sulphate supplementation when levels are close to the requirements recommended by the NCR, for this reason, several recent studies have demonstrated the superiority of copper sulfate copper oxide due to differences in their availability.
copper Functions:
- is an essential component of many enzymes and enzyme complexes
- Help setting iron for hemoglobin formation
- Involved in the synthesis of collagen
- Involved in the synthesis of normal pigmentation of hair, wool and leather
- essential component of mature red blood cells.
Needs:
Overall Copper deficiency in animals may simply be because that is not obtained in sufficient quantities in the diet that is assigned to the animal, can also be caused by low availability of this, limiting its absorption causing failure. Another aspect that could limit the presence of copper is the absence of some elements or substances which promote absorption and also the presence of some elements that limit its absorption, ie, elements that are antagonists cause a copper deficiency.
Like many of the symptoms of copper deficiency have the same general signs. You need a clear diagnostic tool that accurately reflects the state of copper in the animal. Although often are measured copper concentrations in serum and plasma, blood levels may not show impairment until it reaches a severe development of symptoms.
The concentration of copper in the liver is probably the most sensitive indicator of changes in copper status and its determination is recommended when the liver can be obtained to do a biopsy. The activity concentrations of ceruloplasmin and superoxide dismutase in the blood or red blood cells may be useful indicators of copper status.
Deficiencies of copper in the body are attributed to the following elements:
- Primary: low copper
- School:
• Excess sulfur (> 0.4%)
• iron overload (> 300 ppm)
• Zinc Excess (> 70 ppm)
• selenium deficiency • Protein
: deficiency and excess
The main symptoms that occur when there is a deficiency may include:
- Diarrhea
- hair keratinization
- infertility, loss of estrus, abortions
- reduced growth and appetite
- anemia can occur in two types:
- Hipoanemia: On the decline of hemoglobin
- Macrocytic: For enlarged erythrocyte
- spontaneous fractures
- immune Descent
- discoloration of hair and wool
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